Analysis of Quiet-Sun Internetwork Magnetic Fields Based on Linear Polarization Signals

TL;DR

This study analyzes quiet Sun internetwork magnetic fields using Hinode spectropolarimeter data, revealing that these fields are predominantly weak, highly inclined, and differ from network fields, with precise measurements supporting previous findings.

Contribution

The paper provides high-precision measurements of internetwork magnetic fields, confirming their weak and inclined nature and distinguishing them from network fields using improved data analysis.

Findings

Internetwork fields are weak and highly inclined.

Average magnetic flux density is 16.3 Mx/cm².

Field inclination and strength distributions align with previous studies.

Abstract

We present results from the analysis of Fe I 630 nm measurements of the quiet Sun taken with the spectropolarimeter of the Hinode satellite. Two data sets with noise levels of 1.2{\times}10-3 and 3{\times}10-4 are employed. We determine the distribution of field strengths and inclinations by inverting the two observations with a Milne-Eddington model atmosphere. The inversions show a predominance of weak, highly inclined fields. By means of several tests we conclude that these properties cannot be attributed to photon noise effects. To obtain the most accurate results, we focus on the 27.4% of the pixels in the second data set that have linear polarization amplitudes larger than 4.5 times the noise level. The vector magnetic field derived for these pixels is very precise because both circular and linear polarization signals are used simultaneously. The inferred field strength, inclination, and filling factor distributions agree with previous results, supporting the idea that internetwork fields are weak and very inclined, at least in about one quarter of the area occupied by the internetwork. These properties differ from those of network fields. The average magnetic flux density and the mean field strength derived from the 27.4% of the field of view with clear linear polarization signals are 16.3 Mx cm-2 and 220 G, respectively. The ratio between the average horizontal and vertical components of the field is approximately 3.1. The internetwork fields do not follow an isotropic distribution of orientations.