Formation of Partially Dark-Matter Galaxies

TL;DR

This paper proposes that galaxy formation involves neutrino halos of dark matter within the Standard Model framework, suggesting neutrinos are the only long-lived dark-matter particles, leading to the concept of 'model' galaxies.

Contribution

It introduces a Standard Model-based explanation for galaxy formation with neutrino halos as dark matter, emphasizing neutrinos' unique longevity as dark-matter particles.

Findings

Galaxies are surrounded by neutrino halos as dark matter.

Neutrinos are identified as the only long-lived dark-matter particles.

The concept of 'model' galaxies with visible matter and neutrino halos.

Abstract

The problem of galactic formation and evolution should be solved on the basis of the Standard Model of particle physics. We believe that we live in the quantum 4-dimensional Minkowski space-time with the force-fields gauge-group structure SU_c(3) \times SU_L(2) \times U(1) \times SU_f(3) built-in from the very beginning, i.e., the "background" of our world. From this "background", we can see the lepton world, of atomic sizes, and also the quark world, of (fermi)^3 sizes. Basing on this belief, we study galactic formation and evolution, concluding that our Cosmos should end up with "model" galaxies. A model galaxy is the one in which a spiral visible ordinary-matter galaxy, such as our Milky Way and satellites, is surrounded by a huge dark-matter neutrino halo. As a byproduct (of studying the Standard Model), we find that neutrinos will be the {\it only long-lived} dark-matter particles.