NGC 4656UV: A UV-selected Tidal Dwarf Galaxy Candidate

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery and analysis of NGC 4656UV, a UV-bright candidate tidal dwarf galaxy with disturbed gas kinematics, recent star formation, low metallicity, and uncertain gravitational binding status, based on multi-wavelength data.

Contribution

It presents a detailed multi-wavelength study of NGC 4656UV, revealing its properties and discussing its origin and dynamical state as a potential tidal dwarf galaxy.

Findings

NGC 4656UV has a star formation rate of 0.027 M_sun/yr.

It contains a total HI mass of 3.8x10^8 M_sun.

The stellar population is young, less than 290 Myr old, with low metallicity.

Abstract

We report the discovery of a UV-bright tidal dwarf galaxy candidate in the NGC 4631/4656 galaxy group, which we designate NGC 4656UV. Using survey and archival data spanning from 1.4 GHz to the ultraviolet we investigate the gas kinematics and stellar properties of this system. The HI morphologies of NGC 4656UV and its parent galaxy NGC 4656 are extremely disturbed, with significant amounts of counterrotating and extraplanar gas. From UV-FIR photometry, computed using a new method to correct for surface gradients on faint objects, we find that NGC 4656UV has no significant dust opacity and a blue spectral energy distribution. We compute a star formation rate of 0.027 M_sun yr^-1 from the FUV flux and measure a total HI mass of 3.8x10^8 M_sun for the object. Evolutionary synthesis modeling indicates that NGC 4656UV is a low metallicity system whose only major burst of star formation occurred within the last ~260-290 Myr. The age of the stellar population is consistent with a rough timescale for a recent tidal interaction between NGC 4656 and NGC 4631, although we discuss the true nature of the object--whether it is tidal or pre-existing in origin--in the context of its metallicity being a factor of ten lower than its parent galaxy. We estimate that NGC 4656UV is either marginally bound or unbound. If bound, it contains relatively low amounts of dark matter. The abundance of archival data allows for a deeper investigation into this dynamic system than is currently possible for most TDG candidates.