Ab-initio study of the relation between electric polarization and electric field gradients in ferroelectrics

TL;DR

This study uses first-principles calculations to explore the relationship between electric polarization and electric field gradients in ferroelectric materials, providing insights into their electronic structure and potential measurement techniques.

Contribution

It presents a detailed analysis of EFG tensors and their correlation with polarization in ferroelectrics using density functional theory, advancing understanding of ferroelectric order.

Findings

EFG tensor properties correlate with electric polarization.

Analysis supports previous observations linking EFG and polarization.

Method can aid ferroelectric studies where standard measurements are challenging.

Abstract

The hyperfine interaction between the quadrupole moment of atomic nuclei and the electric field gradient (EFG) provides information on the electronic charge distribution close to a given atomic site. In ferroelectric materials, the loss of inversion symmetry of the electronic charge distribution is necessary for the appearance of the electric polarization. We present first-principles density functional theory calculations of ferroelectrics such as BaTiO3, KNbO3, PbTiO3 and other oxides with perovskite structures, by focusing on both EFG tensors and polarization. We analyze the EFG tensor properties such as orientation and correlation between components and their link with electric polarization. This work supports previous studies of ferroelectric materials where a relation between EFG tensors and polarization was observed, which may be exploited to study ferroelectric order when standard techniques to measure polarization are not easily applied.