Discovery of the actinium, thorium, protactinium, and uranium isotopes

TL;DR

This paper reviews the discovery history of actinium, thorium, protactinium, and uranium isotopes, summarizing the first publications, production, and identification methods for each isotope.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the discovery and characterization of these isotopes, compiling historical data and discovery methods.

Findings

31 actinium isotopes discovered

31 thorium isotopes discovered

28 protactinium isotopes discovered

Abstract

Currently, 31 actinium, 31 thorium, 28 protactinium, and 23 uranium isotopes have so far been observed; the discovery of these isotopes is discussed. For each isotope a brief summary of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.