Steady base states for non-Newtonian granular hydrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that steady laminar flows in low-density inelastic granular gases can be effectively described by a non-Newtonian hydrodynamic approach, with consistent classifications and transport coefficients obtained through multiple methods.

Contribution

It provides a systematic classification of Couette-Fourier granular flows and derives non-linear transport coefficients using analytical, numerical, and simulation methods.

Findings

Excellent agreement between flow classification and simulations

Identification of five types of steady granular flows

Consistent transport coefficients across methods

Abstract

We study in this work steady laminar flows in a low density granular gas modelled as a system of identical smooth hard spheres that collide inelastically. The system is excited by shear and temperature sources at the boundaries, which consist of two infinite parallel walls. Thus, the geometry of the system is the same that yields the planar Fourier and Couette flows in standard gases. We show that it is possible to describe the steady granular flows in this system, even at large inelasticities, by means of a (non-Newtonian) hydrodynamic approach. All five types of Couette-Fourier granular flows are systematically described, identifying the different types of hydrodynamic profiles. Excellent agreement is found between our classification of flows and simulation results. Also, we obtain the corresponding non-linear transport coefficients by following three independent and complementary methods: (1) an analytical solution obtained from Grad's 13-moment method applied to the inelastic Boltzmann equation, (2) a numerical solution of the inelastic Boltzmann equation obtained by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and (3) event-driven molecular dynamics simulations. We find that, while Grad's theory does not describe quantitatively well all transport coefficients, the three procedures yield the same general classification of planar Couette-Fourier flows for the granular gas