Dark matter distribution in the merging cluster Abell 2163

TL;DR

This study uses weak lensing to map dark matter in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 2163, revealing discrepancies with X-ray mass estimates and indicating a recent, complex merger with multiple substructures.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed weak lensing mass map of Abell 2163, highlighting differences from X-ray derived mass and identifying multiple dark matter components.

Findings

Weak lensing mass estimates are half of X-ray estimates.

The dark matter distribution is bimodal with a 3:1 mass ratio.

Detection of an independent infalling clump A2163-B.

Abstract

The cluster Abell 2163 is a merging system of several subclusters with complex dynamics. It presents exceptional X-rays properties (high temperature and luminosity), suggesting that it is a very massive cluster. Recent 2D analysis of the gas distribution has revealed a complex and multiphase structure. This paper presents a wide-field weak lensing study of the dark matter distribution in the cluster in order to provide an alternative vision of the merging status of the cluster. The 2D mass distribution is built and compared to the galaxies and gas distributions. A Bayesian method, implemented in the Im2shape software, was used to fit the shape parameters of the faint background galaxies and to correct for PSF smearing. A careful color selection on the background galaxies was applied to retrieve the weak lensing signal. Shear signal was measured out to more than 2 Mpc (~12' from the center). The radial shear profile was fit with different parametric mass profiles. The 2D mass map is built from the shear distribution and used to identify the different mass components. The 2D mass map agrees with the galaxy distribution, while the total mass inferred from weak lensing shows a strong discrepancy to the X-ray deduced mass. Regardless of the method used, the virial mass M200 falls in the range 8 to 14 10^14 Msol inside the virial radius (~ 2.0 Mpc), a value that is two times less than the mass deduced from X-rays. The central mass clump appears bimodal in the dark matter distribution, with a mass ratio ~3:1 between the two components. The infalling clump A2163-B is detected in weak lensing as an independent entity. All these results are interpreted in the context of a multiple merger seen less than 1Gyr after the main crossover.