Quantum Nondemolition Measurement and Heralded Preparation of Fock States with Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in an Optical Cavity

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method using electromagnetically induced transparency in an optical cavity for quantum nondemolition measurement and heralded creation of Fock states, especially single-photon states, via transient dynamics.

Contribution

It presents a novel approach combining EIT and cavity QED for nondestructive photon number measurement and heralded Fock state preparation.

Findings

Demonstrates dependence of susceptibility on photon number during transient dynamics.

Enables QND measurement of small photon numbers.

Heralded preparation of single-photon Fock states.

Abstract

We propose a technique for quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement and heralded preparation of Fock states by dynamics of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). An atomic ensemble trapped in an optical cavity is driven by two external continuous-wave classical fields to form EIT in steady state. As soon as a weak coherent field is injected into the cavity, the EIT system departs from steady state, falls into transient state dynamics by the dispersive coupling between cavity injected photons and atoms. Because the imaginary part of time-dependent linear susceptibility Im[X(t)] of the atomic medium explicitly depends on the number n of photons during the process of transient state dynamics, the measurement on the change of transmission of the probe field can be used for QND measurement of small photon number, and thus create the photon Fock states in particular single-photon state in a heralded way.