Survival-supervised latent Dirichlet allocation models for genomic analysis of time-to-event outcomes

TL;DR

This paper introduces survLDA, a novel survival-supervised latent Dirichlet allocation model that integrates high-dimensional genomic and clinical data to identify patient subgroups with distinct survival outcomes in cancer studies.

Contribution

The paper extends LDA to genomics and incorporates survival supervision, enabling the discovery of meaningful patient subgroups based on genomic and clinical features.

Findings

Identified patient subgroups with different survival rates in ovarian cancer

Characterized genomic features associated with survival outcomes

Demonstrated effectiveness of survLDA on TCGA data

Abstract

Two challenging problems in the clinical study of cancer are the characterization of cancer subtypes and the classification of individual patients according to those subtypes. Statistical approaches addressing these problems are hampered by population heterogeneity and challenges inherent in data integration across high-dimensional, diverse covariates. We have developed a survival-supervised latent Dirichlet allocation (survLDA) modeling framework to address these concerns. LDA models have proven extremely effective at identifying themes common across large collections of text, but applications to genomics have been limited. Our framework extends LDA to the genome by considering each patient as a `document' with `text' constructed from clinical and high-dimensional genomic measurements. We then further extend the framework to allow for supervision by a time-to-event response. The model enables the efficient identification of collections of clinical and genomic features that co-occur within patient subgroups, and then characterizes each patient by those features. An application of survLDA to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian project identifies informative patient subgroups that are characterized by different propensities for exhibiting abnormal mRNA expression and methylations, corresponding to differential rates of survival from primary therapy.