The Alcubierre Warp Drive: On the Matter of Matter

TL;DR

This paper investigates how particles interact with the Alcubierre warp drive, analyzing energy changes and velocity effects during acceleration, deceleration, and travel at various speeds, revealing significant energy boosts and time-locking phenomena.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of particle trajectories and energy interactions with the Alcubierre warp bubble, including effects of acceleration and deceleration, which were previously not well understood.

Findings

Particles can attain extremely high energy near the warp bubble.

Particles become 'time locked' within the bubble, experiencing minimal proper time.

Velocity boosts depend on bubble acceleration and direction of particle movement.

Abstract

The Alcubierre warp drive allows a spaceship to travel at an arbitrarily large global velocity by deforming the spacetime in a bubble around the spaceship. Little is known about the interactions between massive particles and the Alcubierre warp drive, or the effects of an accelerating or decelerating warp bubble. We examine geodesics representative of the paths of null and massive particles with a range of initial velocities from -c to c interacting with an Alcubierre warp bubble travelling at a range of globally subluminal and superluminal velocities on both constant and variable velocity paths. The key results for null particles match what would be expected of massive test particles as they approach +/- c. The increase in energy for massive and null particles is calculated in terms of v_s, the global ship velocity, and v_p, the initial velocity of the particle with respect to the rest frame of the origin/destination of the ship. Particles with positive v_p obtain extremely high energy and velocity and become "time locked" for the duration of their time in the bubble, experiencing very little proper time between entering and eventually leaving the bubble. When interacting with an accelerating bubble, any particles within the bubble at the time receive a velocity boost that increases or decreases the magnitude of their velocity if the particle is moving towards the front or rear of the bubble respectively. If the bubble is decelerating, the opposite effect is observed. Thus Eulerian matter is unaffected by bubble accelerations/decelerations. The magnitude of the velocity boosts scales with the magnitude of the bubble acceleration/deceleration.