An exponential decline at the bright end of the z=6 galaxy luminosity function

TL;DR

This study identifies and characterizes the most luminous star-forming galaxies at z~6, revealing their sizes, dust content, and merger activity, and confirms an exponential decline in the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function.

Contribution

It provides new observational evidence for the exponential decline at the bright end of the z=6 galaxy luminosity function and insights into the properties of these luminous galaxies.

Findings

Detection of 40 bright z~6 galaxies over 4 sq. degrees.

Evidence of substantial dust reddening in luminous galaxies.

Confirmation of exponential decline in the bright end of the luminosity function.

Abstract

We present the results of a search for the most luminous star-forming galaxies at redshifts z~6 based on CFHT Legacy Survey data. We identify a sample of 40 Lyman break galaxies brighter than magnitude z'=25.3 across an area of almost 4 square degrees. Sensitive spectroscopic observations of seven galaxies provide redshifts for four, of which only two have moderate to strong Lyman alpha emission lines. All four have clear continuum breaks in their spectra. Approximately half of the Lyman break galaxies are spatially resolved in 0.7 arcsec seeing images, indicating larger sizes than lower luminosity galaxies discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope, possibly due to on-going mergers. The stacked optical and infrared photometry is consistent with a galaxy model with stellar mass ~ 10^{10} solar masses. There is strong evidence for substantial dust reddening with a best-fit A_V=0.7 and A_V>0.48 at 2 sigma confidence, in contrast to the typical dust-free galaxies of lower luminosity at this epoch. The spatial extent and spectral energy distribution suggest that the most luminous z~6 galaxies are undergoing merger-induced starbursts. The luminosity function of z=5.9 star-forming galaxies is derived. This agrees well with previous work and shows strong evidence for an exponential decline at the bright end, indicating that the feedback processes which govern the shape of the bright end are occurring effectively at this epoch.