On the resonant Lane-Emden problem for the p-Laplacian

TL;DR

This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of positive solutions to the Lane-Emden problem involving the p-Laplacian as the exponent approaches the first eigenvalue, establishing convergence results and differentiability of the best Sobolev constant.

Contribution

It extends previous asymptotic analysis to the $C^{1}$ space for families of solutions and provides a novel approach to approximate the first eigenpair without requiring $ ext{lambda}$ to be close to $ ext{lambda}_p$.

Findings

Solutions converge in $C^{1}$ to a scaled eigenfunction as $q o p$.

The best Sobolev embedding constant is differentiable at $q=p$.

Explicit estimates involving norms of solutions are derived.

Abstract

We study the positive solutions of the Lane-Emden equation $-\Delta_{p}u=\lambda_{p}|u|^{q-2}u$ in $\Omega$ with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, where $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}$ is a bounded and smooth domain, $N\geq2,$ $\lambda_{p}$ is the first eigenvalue of the $p$-Laplacian operator $\Delta_{p}$ and $q$ is close to $p>1.$ We prove that any family of positive solutions of this problem converges in $C^{1}(\bar{\Omega})$ to the function $\theta_{p}e_{p}$ when $q\rightarrow p,$ where $e_{p}$ is the positive and $L^{\infty}$-normalized first eigenfunction of the $p$-Laplacian and $\theta_{p}:=\exp(|e_{p}|_{L^{p}(\Omega)}^{-p}\int_{\Omega}e_{p}% ^{p}|\ln e_{p}|dx).$ A consequence of this result is that the best constant of the immersion $W_{0}^{1,p}(\Omega)\hookrightarrow L^{q}(\Omega)$ is differentiable at $q=p.$ Previous results on the asymptotic behavior (as $q\rightarrow p$) of the positive solutions of the non-resonant Lane-Emden problem (i.e. with $\lambda_{p}$ replaced by a positive $\lambda\neq\lambda_{p}$) are also generalized to the space $C^{1}% (\bar{\Omega})$ and to arbitrary families of these solutions. Moreover, if $u_{\lambda,q}$ denotes a solution of the non-resonant problem for an arbitrarily fixed $\lambda>0,$ we show how to obtain the first eigenpair of the $p$-Laplacian as the limit in $C^{1}(\bar{\Omega}),$ when $q\rightarrow p$, of a suitable scaling of the pair $(\lambda,u_{\lambda,q}).$ For computational purposes the advantage of this approach is that $\lambda$ does not need to be close to $\lambda_{p}.$ Finally, an explicit estimate involving $L^{\infty}$ and $L^{1}$ norms of $u_{\lambda,q}$ is also deduced using set level techniques.