The star formation history and metal content of the "Green Peas". New detailed GTC-OSIRIS spectrophotometry of three galaxies

TL;DR

This study provides detailed spectrophotometric analysis of Green Pea galaxies, revealing their starburst nature, old stellar populations, and structural properties, thus offering insights into galaxy evolution at low redshift.

Contribution

It offers the first detailed spectrophotometric and structural analysis of Green Pea galaxies, highlighting their starburst activity and old stellar components.

Findings

Green Peas have low metallicity and high N/O ratios.

Presence of Wolf-Rayet stars indicates recent intense star formation.

Galaxies contain old stellar populations and exponential low-surface brightness envelopes.

Abstract

We present deep broad-band imaging and long-slit spectroscopy of three compact, low-mass starburst galaxies at redshift z\sim0.2-0.3, also referred to as Green Peas (GP). We measure physical properties of the ionized gas and derive abundances for several species with high precision. We find that the three GPs display relatively low extinction, low oxygen abundances, and remarkably high N/O ratios We also report on the detection of clear signatures of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in these galaxies. We carry out a pilot spectral synthesis study using a combination of both population and evolutionary synthesis models. Their outputs are in qualitative agreement, strongly suggesting a formation history dominated by starbursts. In agreement with the presence of WR stars, these models show that these GPs currently undergo a major starburst producing between ~4% and ~20% of their stellar mass. However, as models imply, they are old galaxies having had formed most of their stellar mass several Gyr ago. The presence of old stars has been spectroscopically verified in one of the galaxies by the detection of Mg I 5167, 5173 absorption line. Additionally, we perform a surface photometry study based on HST data, that indicates that the three galaxies posses an exponential low-surface brightness envelope. If due to stellar emission, the latter is structurally compatible to the evolved hosts of luminous BCD/HII galaxies, suggesting that GPs are identifiable with major episodes in the assembly history of local BCDs. These conclusions highlight the importance of these objects as laboratories for studying galaxy evolution at late cosmic epochs.