Casimir scaling and renormalization of Polyakov loops in large-N gauge theories

TL;DR

This paper investigates the behavior of Polyakov loops in SU(N) gauge theories across different representations and colors, revealing near-perfect Casimir scaling and consistent temperature dependence, especially near deconfinement, with implications for understanding large-N gauge theories.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive lattice study of Casimir scaling and renormalization of Polyakov loops across multiple SU(N) groups from N=2 to N=6, highlighting their universal features.

Findings

Strong numerical evidence for Casimir scaling of bare Polyakov loops.

Renormalized loops show similar temperature dependence across different N.

Polyakov loop behavior near deconfinement matches weak-coupling predictions.

Abstract

We study Casimir scaling and renormalization properties of Polyakov loops in different irreducible representations in SU(N) gauge theories; in particular, we investigate the approach to the large-N limit, by performing lattice simulations of Yang-Mills theories with an increasing number of colors, from 2 to 6. We consider the twelve lowest irreducible representations for each gauge group, and find strong numerical evidence for nearly perfect Casimir scaling of the bare Polyakov loops in the deconfined phase. Then we discuss the temperature dependence of renormalized loops, which is found to be qualitatively and quantitatively very similar for the various gauge groups. In particular, close to the deconfinement transition, the renormalized Polyakov loop increases with the temperature, and its logarithm reveals a characteristic dependence on the inverse of the square of the temperature. At higher temperatures, the renormalized Polyakov loop overshoots one, reaches a maximum, and then starts decreasing, in agreement with weak-coupling predictions. The implications of these findings are discussed.