Abelian Gauge Extension of Standard Model: Dark Matter and Radiative Neutrino Mass

TL;DR

This paper explores an extension of the Standard Model with an extra U(1)_X gauge symmetry, addressing neutrino masses and dark matter stability, and analyzing the phenomenology of fermionic and scalar dark matter candidates across various mass ranges.

Contribution

It introduces a novel U(1)_X extension that simultaneously explains neutrino masses and provides a stable dark matter candidate through residual Z_2 symmetry, with detailed phenomenological analysis.

Findings

Scalar dark matter relic density depends on U(1)_X charges.

Neutrino mass constraints are compatible with dark matter mass ranges.

Model predicts distinctive collider signatures related to Higgs and fermion generation.

Abstract

We study a simple extension of Standard Model where the gauge group is extended by an additional $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry. Neutrino mass arise both at tree level as well as radiatively by the anomaly free addition of one singlet fermion $N_R$ and two triplet fermions $\Sigma_{1R}, \Sigma_{2R}$ with suitable Higgs scalars. The spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking is achieved in such a way which results in a residual $Z_2$ symmetry and hence providing a stable cold dark matter candidate. We study the possible dark matter candidates in this model by incorporating the constraints from cosmology as well as direct detection experiments. We discuss both low and high mass (from GeV to the TeV scale) regimes of fermionic and scalar dark matter candidates in the model. We show that scalar dark matter relic density, although not significantly affected by the presence or absence of annihilation into $U(1)_X$ gauge boson pairs, is however affected by choice of $U(1)_X$ gauge charges. We discuss the neutrino mass phenomenology and its compatibility with the allowed dark matter mass ranges and also comment on the implications of the model on Higgs signatures at colliders including those related to fourth fermion generation.