Separable triaxial potential-density pairs in MOND

TL;DR

This paper investigates triaxial potential-density pairs in MOND, proving properties analogous to Newtonian gravity and exploring their density profiles, especially in the context of separability and the Kuzmin property.

Contribution

It extends the analysis of separable triaxial potentials to MOND, proving key properties and exploring their density distributions, including the Kuzmin property and behavior at large radii.

Findings

Separable potentials in MOND are fully determined by minor axis density profiles.

Regular separable models in MOND have zero density at the origin.

Density profiles at large radii decline as ln(r)/r^5 or ln(r)/r^(3+2epsilon).

Abstract

We study mass models that correspond to MOND (triaxial) potentials for which the Hamilton-Jacobi equation separates in ellipsoidal coordinates. The problem is first discussed in the simpler case of deep-MOND systems, and then generalized to the full MOND regime. We prove that the Kuzmin property for Newtonian gravity still holds, i.e., that the density distribution of separable potentials is fully determined once the density profile along the minor axis is assigned. At variance with the Newtonian case, the fact that a positive density along the minor axis leads to a positive density everywhere remains unproven. We also prove that (i) all regular separable models in MOND have a vanishing density at the origin, so that they would correspond to centrally dark-matter dominated systems in Newtonian gravity; (ii) triaxial separable potentials regular at large radii and associated with finite total mass leads to density distributions that at large radii are not spherical and decline as ln(r)/r^5; (iii) when the triaxial potentials admit a genuine Frobenius expansion with exponent 0<epsilon<1, the density distributions become spherical at large radii, with the profile ln(r)/r^(3+2epsilon). After presenting a suite of positive density distributions associated with MOND separable potentials, we also consider the important family of (non-separable) triaxial potentials V_1 introduced by de Zeeuw and Pfenniger, and we show that, as already known for Newtonian gravity, they obey the Kuzmin property also in MOND. The ordinary differential equation relating their potential and density along the z-axis is an Abel equation of the second kind that, in the oblate case, can be explicitly reduced to canonical form.