Critical states of strongly interacting many-particle systems on a circle

TL;DR

This paper investigates the unique critical states in strongly interacting many-particle systems on a circle, revealing phenomena where external forces influence the system only on scales finer than the microscale, challenging standard statistical physics assumptions.

Contribution

It introduces a new understanding of equilibrium states in strongly interacting systems, highlighting the impact of force continuity on equilibrium existence at sub-microscale levels.

Findings

External force influences equilibrium only on scales smaller than the microscale.

Existence of equilibrium depends on the continuity of the applied force.

Strong Coulomb repulsion leads to non-standard scale effects in many-particle systems.

Abstract

In multicomponent systems with strong local interaction one can encounter some phenomena absent in the standard systems of statistical physics and other multicomponent systems. Namely, a system with $N$ components in the bounded volume of order 1 (macroscale) has the natural microscale of the order $\frac{1}{N}$. Applying the macroscopic force (of order 1) on the system, and thus on any of its components, one normally gets changes on the macroscale itself and simultaneously small, of the order $\frac{1}{N}$, changes of the microcomponents. In the systems, considered below, with the strong Coulomb repulsion between the particles, however, one can observe the influence of such force on the equilibrium state only on a scale, much smaller that the standard microscale. Otherwise speaking, the information about the macroforce is not available neither on the macrocale nor on the standard microscale, but only on a finer scale. If this phenomenon does not depend on the continuity properties of the applied force, then the mere existence of the equilibrium depends essentially on the continuity properties of the external force.