Observation of lobes near the X-point in resonant magnetic perturbation experiments on MAST

TL;DR

This paper reports the first observation of lobes near the X-point in MAST tokamak during RMP experiments, linking these structures to ELM mitigation and plasma response.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental observation of X-point lobes in RMP experiments on MAST and correlates their appearance with ELM mitigation effects.

Findings

Lobes observed only above RMP threshold

Lobes correlate with increased ELM frequency

Vacuum models describe the number and location of lobes

Abstract

The application of non-axisymmetric resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) with a toroidal mode number n=6 in the MAST tokamak produces a significant reduction in plasma energy loss associated with type-I Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), the first such observation with n>3. During the ELM mitigated stage clear lobe structures are observed in visible-light imaging of the X-point region. These lobes or manifold structures, that were predicted previously, have been observed for the first time in a range of discharges and their appearance is correlated with the effect of RMPs on the plasma i.e. they only appear above a threshold when a density pump out is observed or when the ELM frequency is increased. They appear to be correlated with the RMPs penetrating the plasma and may be important in explaining why the ELM frequency increases. The number and location of the structures observed can be well described using vacuum modelling. Differences in radial extent and poloidal width from vacuum modelling are likely to be due to a combination of transport effects and plasma screening.