The Relation Between Ejecta Velocity, Intrinsic Color, and Host-Galaxy Mass for High-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae

TL;DR

This study investigates the relationship between ejecta velocity, intrinsic color, and host-galaxy mass in high-redshift Type Ia supernovae, confirming similar low-redshift relations and their implications for cosmology.

Contribution

It extends the low-redshift velocity-color relation analysis to high-redshift SNe Ia, showing similar distributions and a potential link to host-galaxy mass, informing cosmological measurements.

Findings

Higher ejecta velocity correlates with redder intrinsic color.

Ejecta velocity distributions are similar at low and high redshift.

A slight trend links lower ejecta velocities with higher host-galaxy mass.

Abstract

Recently, using a large low-redshift sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), we discovered a relation between SN Ia ejecta velocity and intrinsic color that improves the distance precision of SNe Ia and reduces potential systematic biases related to dust reddening. No SN Ia cosmological results have yet made a correction for the "velocity-color" relation. To test the existence of such a relation and constrain its properties at high redshift, we examine a sample of 75 SNe Ia discovered and observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey and Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS). From each spectrum, we measure ejecta velocities at maximum brightness for the Ca H&K and Si II 6355 features, v_Ca^0 and v_Si^0, respectively. Using SN light-curve parameters, we determine the intrinsic B_max - V_max for each SN. Similar to what was found at low-redshift, we find that SNe Ia with higher ejecta velocity tend to be intrinsically redder than SNe Ia with lower ejecta velocity. The distributions of ejecta velocities for SNe Ia at low and high redshift are similar, indicating that current cosmological results should have little bias related to the velocity-color relation. Additionally, we find a slight (2.4-sigma significant) trend between SN Ia ejecta velocity and host-galaxy mass such that SNe Ia in high-mass host galaxies tend to have lower ejecta velocities as probed by v_Ca^0. These results emphasize the importance of spectroscopy for SN Ia cosmology.