Cluster pinch-point densities in polygons

TL;DR

This paper derives explicit formulas for the density of pinch-point events in polygonal domains at criticality using conformal field theory and Coulomb gas methods, and validates results with simulations.

Contribution

It introduces contour integral formulas for pinch-point densities in polygons at critical points, extending the analytical tools for boundary cluster interactions.

Findings

Derived explicit formulas for pinch-point densities in polygons.

Validated theoretical results with high-precision simulations.

Applied Coulomb gas formalism to complex geometries.

Abstract

In a statistical cluster or loop model such as percolation, or more generally the Potts models or O(n) models, a pinch point is a single bulk point where several distinct clusters or loops touch. In a polygon P harboring such a model in its interior and with 2N sides exhibiting free/fixed side-alternating boundary conditions, "boundary" clusters anchor to the fixed sides of P. At the critical point and in the continuum limit, the density (i.e., frequency of occurrence) of pinch-point events between s distinct boundary clusters at a bulk point w in P is proportional to <psi_1^c(w_1)psi_1^c(w_2)...psi_1^c(w_{2N-1})psi_1^c(w_{2N})Psi_s(w)>_P. The w_i are the vertices of P, psi_1^c is a conformal field theory (CFT) corner one-leg operator, and Psi_s is a CFT bulk 2s-leg operator. In this article, we use the Coulomb gas formalism to construct explicit contour integral formulas for these correlation functions and thereby calculate the density of various pinch-point configurations at arbitrary points in the rectangle, in the hexagon, and for the case s=N, in the 2N-sided polygon at the system's critical point. Explicit formulas for these results are given in terms of algebraic functions or integrals of algebraic functions, particularly Lauricella functions. In critical percolation, the result for s=N=2 gives the density of red bonds between boundary clusters (in the continuum limit) inside a rectangle. We compare our results with high-precision simulations of critical percolation and Ising FK clusters in a rectangle of aspect ratio two and in a regular hexagon and find very good agreement.