Code-division multiplexing for x-ray microcalorimeters
G. M. Stiehl, W. B. Doriese, J. W. Fowler, G. C. Hilton, K. D. Irwin,, C. D. Reintsema, D. R. Schmidt, D. S. Swetz, J. N. Ullom, and L. R. Vale. (US, National Institute of Standards, Technology)
TL;DR
This paper demonstrates the successful implementation of code-division multiplexing (CDM) for reading out eight x-ray microcalorimeters, achieving high energy resolution and overcoming limitations of traditional time-division multiplexing (TDM).
Contribution
It introduces a flux-summing CDM system for microcalorimeters, showing improved multiplexing performance and establishing CDM as a promising alternative to TDM.
Findings
Achieved 3.0 eV energy resolution at 5.9 keV.
Demonstrated multiplexing of eight microcalorimeters with high resolution.
Showed CDM overcomes sqrt(N) multiplexing disadvantage of TDM.
Abstract
We demonstrate the code-division multiplexed (CDM) readout of eight transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. The energy resolution is 3.0 eV (full width at half-maximum) or better at 5.9 keV, with a best resolution of 2.3 eV and a mean of 2.6 eV over the seven modulated detectors. The flux-summing CDM system is described and compared with similar time-division multiplexed (TDM) readout. We show that the sqrt(Npixels) multiplexing disadvantage associated with TDM is not present in CDM. This demonstration establishes CDM as both a simple route to higher performance in existing TDM microcalorimetric experiments and a long-term approach to reaching higher multiplexing factors.
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