Bubble collision with gravitation

TL;DR

This paper investigates vacuum bubble collisions with gravity using numerical methods, revealing conditions for black hole formation and vacuum destabilization across different symmetries and bubble configurations.

Contribution

It introduces a double-null formalism for simulating bubble collisions with gravity, exploring various symmetries and field configurations, and analyzing their causal structures and stability outcomes.

Findings

Spherical symmetry can lead to black hole formation during bubble collisions.

Vacuum destabilization occurs when colliding energy exceeds a threshold.

The double-null formalism effectively models different collision scenarios.

Abstract

In this paper, we study vacuum bubble collisions with various potentials including gravitation, assuming spherical, planar, and hyperbolic symmetry. We use numerical calculations from double-null formalism. Spherical symmetry can mimic the formation of a black hole via multiple bubble collisions. Planar and especially hyperbolic symmetry describes two bubble collisions. We study both cases, when two true vacuum regions have the same field value or different field values, by varying tensions. For the latter case, we also test symmetric and asymmetric bubble collisions, and see details of causal structures. If the colliding energy is sufficient, then the vacuum can be destabilized, and it is also demonstrated. This double-null formalism can be a complementary approach in the context of bubble collisions.