Musielak-Orlicz Hardy Spaces Associated with Operators and Their Applications

TL;DR

This paper introduces Musielak-Orlicz Hardy and BMO-type spaces linked to operators on metric spaces, establishing duality, characterizations, and applications to Schrödinger operators, expanding harmonic analysis tools in this context.

Contribution

It develops new Musielak-Orlicz Hardy and BMO spaces associated with operators, providing duality, characterizations, and applications to Schrödinger operators in metric measure spaces.

Findings

Established duality between $H_{,\,L}(x)$ and $mo_{, \,L}(x)$.

Provided atomic, molecular, and area function characterizations of the Hardy space.

Applied results to characterize Hardy spaces associated with Schrödinger operators.

Abstract

Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a metric space with doubling measure and $L$ a nonnegative self-adjoint operator in $L^2(\mathcal{X})$ satisfying the Davies-Gaffney estimates. Let $\varphi:\,\mathcal{X}\times[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)$ be a function such that $\varphi(x,\cdot)$ is an Orlicz function, $\varphi(\cdot,t)\in A_{\infty}(\mathcal{X})$ (the class of Muckenhoupt weights) and its uniformly critical lower type index $i(\varphi)\in(0,1]$. In this paper, the authors introduce a Musielak-Orlicz Hardy space $H_{\varphi,\,L}(\mathcal{X})$ by the Lusin area function associated with the heat semigroup generated by $L$, and a Musielak-Orlicz $\mathop\mathrm{BMO}$-type space $\mathop\mathrm{BMO}_{\varphi,\,L}(\mathcal{X})$ which is further proved to be the dual space of $H_{\varphi,\,L}(\mathcal{X})$; as a corollary, the authors obtain the $\varphi$-Carleson measure characterization of $\mathop\mathrm{BMO}_{\varphi,\,L}(\mathcal{X})$. Characterizations of $H_{\varphi,\,L}(\mathcal{X})$, including the atom, the molecule and the Lusin area function associated with the Poisson semigroup of $L$, are presented. Using the atomic characterization, the authors characterize $H_{\varphi,\,L}(\mathcal{X})$ in terms of $g^\ast_{\lambda,\,L}$. As further applications, the authors obtain several equivalent characterizations of the Musielak-Orlicz Hardy space $H_{\varphi,\,L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ associated with the Schr\"odinger operator $L=-\Delta+V$, where $0\le V\in L^1_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is a nonnegative potential, in terms of the Lusin-area function, the non-tangential maximal function, the radial maximal function, the atom and the molecule.