Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: III. Confirmation of 4 Multiple   Planet Systems by a Fourier-Domain Study of Anti-correlated Transit Timing   Variations

Jason H. Steffen (1); Daniel C. Fabrycky (2,3); Eric B. Ford (4),; Joshua A. Carter (5,3); Jean-Michel Desert (5); Francois Fressin (5); Matthew; J. Holman (5); Jack J. Lissauer (6); Althea V. Moorhead (1); Jason F. Rowe; (7,6); Darin Ragozzine (5); William F. Welsh (8); Natalie M. Batalha (9),; William J. Borucki (6); Lars A. Buchhave (18); Steve Bryson (6); Douglas A.; Caldwell (7,6); David Charbonneau (5); David R. Ciardi (8); William D.; Cochran (20); Michael Endl (20); Mark E. Everett (15); Thomas N. Gautier III; (11); Ron L. Gilliland (21); Forrest R. Girouard (6,22); Jon M. Jenkins; (7,6); Elliott Horch (16); Steve B. Howell (6); Howard Isaacson (13); Todd C.; Klaus (6,22); David G. Koch (6); David W. Latham (5); Jie Li (7,6); Philip; Lucas (12); Phillip J. MacQueen (20); Geoffrey W. Marcy (13); Sean McCauliff; (10); Christopher K. Middour (6,22); Robert L. Morris (7,6); Fergal R.; Mullally (7,6); Samuel N. Quinn (5); Elisa V. Quintana (7,6); Avi Shporer; (17,18); Martin Still (17,6); Peter Tenenbaum (7,6); Susan E. Thompson (7,6),; Joseph D. Twicken (7,6); Jeffery Van Cleve (7,6) ((1) Fermilab Center for; Particle Astrophysics; Batavia; IL (2) UCO/Lick Observatory; University of; California; Santa Cruz (3) Hubble Fellow (4) Astronomy Department; University; of Florida; (5) Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; (6) NASA Ames; Research Center; (7) SETI Institute (8) NASA Exoplanet Science; Institute/California Institute of Technology; (9) Astronomy Department; San; Diego State University; (10) San Jose State University; (11) Jet Propulsion; Laboratory/California Institute of Technology; (12) Centre for Astrophysics; Research; University of Hertfordshire; (13) University of California,; Berkeley; (14) Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research; Center; (15) National Optical Astronomy Observatory; (16) Department of; Physics; Southern Connecticut State University; (17) Las Cumbres Observatory; Global Telescope; (18) Department of Physics; University of California; (19); Niels Bohr Institute; Copenhagen University; (20) McDonald Observatory; The; University of Texas; (21) Space Telescope Science Institute; Baltimore; (22); Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center)

arXiv:1201.5412·astro-ph.EP·June 3, 2015

Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: III. Confirmation of 4 Multiple Planet Systems by a Fourier-Domain Study of Anti-correlated Transit Timing Variations

Jason H. Steffen (1), Daniel C. Fabrycky (2,3), Eric B. Ford (4),, Joshua A. Carter (5,3), Jean-Michel Desert (5), Francois Fressin (5), Matthew, J. Holman (5), Jack J. Lissauer (6), Althea V. Moorhead (1), Jason F. Rowe, (7,6), Darin Ragozzine (5), William F. Welsh (8)

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TL;DR

This paper introduces a Fourier-Domain method to confirm multi-planet systems by analyzing anti-correlated transit timing variations, leading to the discovery of four new planetary systems with multiple planets.

Contribution

The study presents a novel Fourier-Domain analysis technique for confirming exoplanets in multi-planet systems based on transit timing variations.

Findings

01

Confirmed four multi-planet systems with eight planets and one candidate

02

Demonstrated the effectiveness of Fourier analysis in detecting anti-correlated TTVs

03

Provided dynamical stability constraints supporting planetary confirmations

Abstract

We present a method to confirm the planetary nature of objects in systems with multiple transiting exoplanet candidates. This method involves a Fourier-Domain analysis of the deviations in the transit times from a constant period that result from dynamical interactions within the system. The combination of observed anti-correlations in the transit times and mass constraints from dynamical stability allow us to claim the discovery of four planetary systems Kepler-25, Kepler-26, Kepler-27, and Kepler-28, containing eight planets and one additional planet candidate.

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