Identification of red high proper-motion objects in Tycho-2 and 2MASS catalogues using Virtual Observatory tools

TL;DR

This study used Virtual Observatory tools to identify new high proper-motion red objects in the Tycho-2 and 2MASS catalogues, discovering several new red giants and dwarfs with detailed characterization.

Contribution

It presents a novel method combining cross-matched catalogues and spectral analysis to find and classify high proper-motion red stars, including first-time discoveries.

Findings

Identified 59 high proper-motion red objects, including 5 new stars.

Confirmed the giant nature of several objects through spectroscopy.

Discovered extremely long periods in variable stars Ruber 4 and 6.

Abstract

Aims: With available Virtual Observatory tools, we looked for new M dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood and M giants with high tangential velocities. Methods: From an all-sky cross-match between the optical Tycho-2 and the near-infrared 2MASS catalogues, we selected objects with proper motions >50mas/yr and very red V-Ks colours. For the most interesting targets, we collected multi-wavelength photometry, constructed spectral energy distributions, estimated effective temperatures and surface gravities from fits to atmospheric models, performed time-series analysis of ASAS V-band light curves, and assigned spectral types from low-resolution spectroscopy obtained with CAFOS at the 2.2m Calar Alto telescope. Results: We got a sample of 59 bright red high proper-motion objects, including fifty red giants, four red dwarfs, and five objects reported in this work for the first time. The five new stars have magnitudes V~10.8-11.3mag, reduced proper motions midway between known dwarfs and giants, near-infrared colours typical of giants, and effective temperatures Teff~2900-3400K. From our time-series analysis, we discovered a long secondary period in Ruber 4 and an extremely long primary period in Ruber 6. With the CAFOS spectra, we confirmed the red giant nature of Ruber 7 and 8, the last of which seems to be one of the brightest metal-poor M giants ever identified.