
TL;DR
This paper explores how gravity influences light and cosmic structure, discusses methods to test gravity on large scales, and considers theories like Galileon symmetry to understand dark energy and the universe's expansion.
Contribution
It introduces new approaches to testing gravity's properties cosmologically and examines a specific gravitational theory based on Galileon symmetry.
Findings
Gravity affects light paths and structure growth.
Cosmological measurements can test gravity theories.
Galileon symmetry offers a promising framework.
Abstract
Gravity directs the paths of light rays and the growth of structure. Moreover, gravity on cosmological scales does not simply point down: it accelerates the universal expansion by pulling outward, either due to a highly negative pressure dark energy or an extension of general relativity. We examine methods to test the properties of gravity through cosmological measurements. We then consider specific possibilities for a sound gravitational theory based on the Galileon shift symmetry. The evolution of the laws of gravity from the early universe to the present acceleration to the future fate -- the paths of gravity -- carries rich information on this fundamental force of physics and on the mystery of dark energy.
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