Spatio-temporal Fermionization of Strongly Interacting 1D Bosons

TL;DR

This paper investigates the transition of 1D Bose gases from weakly to strongly interacting regimes, revealing limitations of boson-fermion duality through experimental measurements of correlations and density distributions.

Contribution

It provides experimental evidence and theoretical analysis of fermionization in 1D Bose gases, highlighting the dynamical differences from ideal boson-fermion duality.

Findings

Observation of increased antibunching in strongly interacting regime

Exact boson-fermion duality does not hold dynamically

Agreement between experimental data and theoretical models

Abstract

Building on the recent experimental achievements obtained with scanning electron microscopy on ultracold atoms, we study one-dimensional Bose gases in the crossover between the weakly (quasi-condensate) and the strongly interacting (Tonks-Girardeau) regime. We measure the temporal two-particle correlation function and compare it with calculations performed using the Time Evolving Block Decimation algorithm. More pronounced antibunching is observed when entering the more strongly interacting regime. Even though this mimics the onset of a fermionic behavior, we highlight that the exact and simple duality between 1D bosons and fermions does not hold when such dynamical response is probed. The onset of fermionization is also reflected in the density distribution, which we measure \emph{in situ} to extract the relevant parameters and to identify the different regimes. Our results show agreement between experiment and theory and give new insight into the dynamics of strongly correlated many-body systems.