Exotic vortex lattices in two-species Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper numerically explores exotic vortex lattice structures in rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with unequal masses and attractive interactions, revealing novel ground states like square lattices and two-quantum vortices.

Contribution

It introduces new vortex lattice configurations in two-component BECs with attractive interactions, expanding understanding of possible ground states.

Findings

Exotic vortex lattices such as square geometries are found.

Two-quantum vortex lattices are observed.

States satisfy the Feynman relation and are experimentally realizable.

Abstract

We numerically investigate vortex lattices in rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates in which the two components have unequal atomic masses and interact attractively with each other. For sufficiently strong attraction, the system is found to exhibit exotic ground-state structures in a harmonic trap, such as lattices having a square geometry or consisting of two-quantum vortices. The obtained states satisfy the Feynman relation, and they can be realized with current experimental techniques.