Dark Matter as an active gravitational agent in cloud complexes

TL;DR

This paper investigates how dark matter backgrounds influence the gravitational energy and star formation efficiency in molecular clouds, revealing that dark matter can significantly enhance star formation under certain conditions.

Contribution

It provides analytical and numerical analysis of dark matter's gravitational effects on molecular clouds, highlighting scenarios where dark matter's influence is non-negligible.

Findings

Dark matter halos can induce additional contraction forces on molecular clouds.

Star formation efficiency increases in dense, low-velocity dark matter environments.

Numerical simulations confirm the analytical predictions of dark matter's impact.

Abstract

We study the effect that the dark matter background (DMB) has on the gravitational energy content and, in general, on the star formation efficiency of a molecular cloud (MC). We first analyze the effect that a dark matter halo, described by the Navarro et al. (1996) density profile, has on the energy budget of a spherical, homogeneous, cloud located at different distances from the halo center. We found that MCs located in the innermost regions of a massive galaxy can feel a contraction force greater than their self-gravity due to the incorporation of the potential of the galaxy's dark matter halo. We also calculated analytically the gravitational perturbation that a MC produces over a uniform DMB (uniform at the scales of a MC) and how this perturbation will affect the evolution of the MC itself. The study shows that the star formation in a MC will be considerably enhanced if the cloud is located in a dense and low velocity dark matter environment. We confirm our results by measuring the star formation efficiency in numerical simulations of the formation and evolution of MCs within different DMBs. Our study indicates that there are situations where the dark matter's gravitational contribution to the evolution of the molecular clouds should not be neglected.