Detection of C60 in embedded young stellar objects, a Herbig Ae/Be star and an unusual post-AGB star

TL;DR

This paper reports the first detection of C60 molecules in embedded young stellar objects, a Herbig Ae/Be star, and a post-AGB star, expanding the known environments where C60 exists and discussing its formation mechanisms.

Contribution

It presents the first detections of C60 in YSOs and a Herbig Ae/Be star, broadening the astrophysical contexts for C60 presence and exploring its formation processes.

Findings

C60 detected in multiple YSOs in the Galactic centre and Rosette nebula

First detection of C60 in a Herbig Ae/Be star, HD 97300

Discussion of C60 excitation, formation, and presence in post-AGB objects

Abstract

The first detection of the C60 (Buckminsterfullerene) molecule in massive embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) is reported. Observations with Spitzer IRS reveal the presence of C60 in YSOs ISOGAL-P J174639.6-284126 and SSTGC 372630 in the Central Molecular Zone in the Galactic centre, and in a YSO candidate, 2MASS J06314796+0419381, in the Rosette nebula. The first detection of C60 in a Herbig Ae/Be star, HD 97300, is also reported. These observations extend the range of astrophysical environments in which C60 is found to YSOs and a pre-main sequence star. C60 excitation and formation mechanisms are discussed in the context of these results, together with its presence and processes in post-AGB objects such as HR 4049.