Eternal solutions to a singular diffusion equation with critical gradient absorption

TL;DR

This paper investigates the existence and properties of eternal self-similar solutions to a singular diffusion equation with critical gradient absorption, revealing parameter-dependent decay behaviors and bounded existence intervals.

Contribution

It establishes the existence conditions for eternal solutions in a critical parameter range and characterizes their decay profiles, contrasting with classical diffusion equations.

Findings

Eternal solutions exist only for parameter β in a bounded interval.

Decay rates differ at the critical parameter β_* and within the interval.

Profiles decay faster at β_* with a specific power-law decay.

Abstract

The existence of nonnegative radially symmetric eternal solutions of exponential self-similar type $u(t,x)=e^{-p\beta t/(2-p)} f_\beta(|x|e^{-\beta t};\beta)$ is investigated for the singular diffusion equation with critical gradient absorption \partial_{t} u-\Delta_{p} u+|\nabla u|^{p/2}=0 \quad \;\;\hbox{in}\;\; (0,\infty)\times\real^N where $2N/(N+1) < p < 2$. Such solutions are shown to exist only if the parameter $\beta$ ranges in a bounded interval $(0,\beta_*]$ which is in sharp contrast with well-known singular diffusion equations such as $\partial_{t}\phi-\Delta_{p} \phi=0$ when $p=2N/(N+1)$ or the porous medium equation $\partial_{t}\phi-\Delta\phi^m=0$ when $m=(N-2)/N$. Moreover, the profile $f(r;\beta)$ decays to zero as $r\to\infty$ in a faster way for $\beta=\beta_*$ than for $\beta\in (0,\beta_*)$ but the algebraic leading order is the same in both cases. In fact, for large $r$, $f(r;\beta_*)$ decays as $r^{-p/(2-p)}$ while $f(r;\beta)$ behaves as $(\log r)^{2/(2-p)} r^{-p/(2-p)}$ when $\beta\in (0,\beta_*)$.