Searching for Majorana Fermions in 2D Spin-orbit Coupled Fermi Superfluids at Finite Temperature

TL;DR

This paper investigates how finite temperature influences the emergence of Majorana fermions in 2D spin-orbit coupled Fermi superfluids, emphasizing the importance of temperature effects and the BKT transition for their observation.

Contribution

It demonstrates that finite temperature is crucial for observing Majorana fermions and analyzes the parameter conditions for their detection in 2D SO coupled Fermi gases.

Findings

Majorana fermions are protected by a quasiparticle energy gap larger than the temperature.

Finite temperature effects are essential for the observation of Majorana fermions.

Parameter restrictions for observing Majorana fermions have been identified.

Abstract

Recent experimental breakthrough in realizing spin-orbit (SO) coupling for cold atoms has spurred considerable interest in the physics of 2D SO coupled Fermi superfluids, especially topological Majorana fermions (MFs) which were predicted to exist at zero temperature. However, it is well known that long-range superfluid order is destroyed in 2D by the phase fluctuation at finite temperature and the relevant physics is the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition. In this Letter, we examine finite temperature effects on SO coupled Fermi gases and show that finite temperature is indeed necessary for the observation of MFs. MFs are topologically protected by a quasiparticle energy gap which is found to be much larger than the temperature. The restrictions to the parameter region for the observation of MFs have been obtained.