Spin Diffusion Coefficient of A Phase of Liquid 3He at Low Temperatures and Stability of Half Quantum Vortex

TL;DR

This paper theoretically calculates the spin diffusion coefficient tensor in the A phase of liquid 3He at low temperatures, revealing its temperature dependence and implications for the stability of half quantum vortices.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed theoretical analysis of the spin diffusion tensor in 3He-A, linking quasiparticle lifetime to vortex stability considerations.

Findings

Spin diffusion coefficient scales as T^(-2) at low temperatures.

Normal spin current components are highly diffusive and negligible for vortex stability.

Weak interactions and Fermi liquid effects are sufficient for stabilizing half quantum vortices.

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the spin diffusion coefficient tensor in the A phase of liquid 3He in term of quasiparticle life-time by using the Kubo formula approach at low temperatures. In general, the coefficient is a fourth rank tensor for the anisotropic states and can be defined as a function of both normal component of spin-current and magnetization. The quasiparticle life-time is obtained by using the Boltzmann equation. We find that components of the spin diffusion coefficient are proportional to T^(-2) at low temperatures. The normal components of spin current, hence, are strongly diffusive and one can ignore the contribution of these components to the stability of half quantum vortices (HQV s) in the equal-spin-pairing of 3He-A state. Hence to make a stable HQV, it is enough for one to consider weak interaction plus the effects of Landau Fermi liquid.