Spin 3/2 Particle as a Dark Matter Candidate: an Effective Field Theory Approach

TL;DR

This paper explores the hypothesis that a spin-3/2 particle could serve as dark matter, using effective field theory to analyze its interactions and constraints from cosmological and experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive effective field theory framework for spin-3/2 dark matter and derives constraints from relic density, cosmic ray flux, and direct detection experiments.

Findings

Certain mass ranges are excluded based on combined relic density and experimental bounds.

The relic density and cosmic ray flux are sensitive to all interactions, while direct detection constrains only some.

Constraints on coupling constants and mass are established from observational data.

Abstract

There is no indication so far on the spin of dark matter particles. We consider the possibility in this work that a spin-3/2 particle acts as dark matter. Employing the approach of effective field theory, we list all possible 4-fermion effective interactions between a pair of such fields and a pair of ordinary fermion fields. We investigate the implications of the proposal on the relic density, the antiproton to proton flux ratio in cosmic rays, and the elastic scattering off nuclei in direct detection. While the relic density and flux ratio are sensitive to all interactions albeit at different levels, the direct detection is only sensitive to a few of them. Using the observed data and experimental bounds, we set constraints on the relation of couplings and dark particle mass. In particular, we find that some mass ranges can already be excluded by jointly applying the observed relic density on the one side and the measured antiproton to proton flux ratio or the upper bounds from direct detection on the other.