Probing Circumnuclear Environments with the HCN(J = 3-2) and HCO+(J = 3-2) lines: Case of NGC 1097

TL;DR

This study presents high-resolution interferometric maps of dense gas tracers in NGC 1097's circumnuclear region, revealing distinct gas properties and excitation conditions associated with starburst activity and AGN influence.

Contribution

First interferometric HCN(3-2) and HCO+(3-2) maps of NGC 1097's nucleus and starburst ring, providing detailed insights into dense gas characteristics and excitation mechanisms.

Findings

Nucleus contributes ~20-30% of total flux in both lines.

HCN(3-2)/HCO+(3-2) ratio is ~1 in starburst ring, ~2 in nucleus.

Nuclear HCN(3-2) emission may be optically thin.

Abstract

We present the first interferometric HCN(J = 3-2) and HCO+(J = 3-2) maps in the circumnuclear region of NGC 1097, obtained with the Submillimeter Array. The goal is to study the characteristics of the dense gas associated with the starburst ring/Seyfert nucleus. With these transitions, we suppress the diffuse low density emission in the nuclear region. We detect and resolve the individual compact giant molecular cloud associations (GMAs) in the 1.4 kpc circumnuclear starburst ring and within the 350 pc nuclear region. The nucleus is brighter than the ring in both lines, and contributes to ~20% and ~30% to the total detected HCO+(J = 3-2) and HCN(J = 3-2) flux, within the central 1.4 kpc. The intensity ratios of HCN(J = 3-2)/HCO+(J = 3-2) are roughly unity in the GMAs of the starburst ring. However, this ratio is up to ~2 in the nuclear region. From the HCN(J = 3-2)/HCN(J = 1-0) ratio of <0.2 in the nucleus, we infer that the nuclear HCN(J = 3-2) emission might be optically thin. The HCO+(J = 3-2) and HCN(J = 3-2) show correlations with 12CO(J = 3-2) and the 24{\mu}m emission. The tight correlations of HCN(J = 3-2), HCO+(J = 3-2) and 24{\mu}m emission in the starburst ring suggest that the dense molecular gas and the dust are from the same origins of star forming regions. On the other hand, the HCN(J = 3-2) emission of the nucleus is significantly enhanced, indicating mechanisms other than star formation, such as AGN activities. A self-consistent check of the fractional abundance enhanced by X-ray ionization chemistry of the nucleus is possible with our observations.