Yield and suppression of electrons from open heavy-flavor decays in heavy-ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper reports the first measurement of non-photonic electron yields from open heavy-flavor decays in Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV, revealing how heavy quarks interact with the quark-gluon plasma and how collision geometry influences energy loss.

Contribution

It provides new experimental data on heavy-flavor electron suppression in Cu+Cu collisions, expanding understanding of heavy quark-medium interactions and collision geometry effects.

Findings

Heavy-flavor electron yield is suppressed in Cu+Cu collisions.

Suppression magnitude varies with collision geometry.

Results challenge existing theoretical models of energy loss.

Abstract

Measurements by the STAR and PHENIX collaborations indicate that a quark-gluon plasma, a hot and dense state of matter in which quarks and gluons are not confined inside hadrons, is formed in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Charm and bottom quarks have been predicted to interact with the medium differently than the light quarks; a study of heavy quark interactions with the medium provides an important test of theoretical models of the quark-gluon plasma. The spectrum of non-photonic electrons (and positrons) is dominated by electrons from the semileptonic decays of D and B mesons. Therefore, non-photonic electrons serve as proxies for heavy quarks. A measurement of the modification of the non-photonic electron spectrum in nucleus-nucleus collisions relative to p + p collisions allows the interactions of heavy quarks with the medium to be studied. Previous measurements indicate that high-transverse-momentum non-photonic electrons are suppressed in Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV (center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair) relative to p + p collisions at the same energy. The magnitude of that suppression is larger than was anticipated and it has been a challenge for theoretical models to predict the in-medium energy loss of light and heavy quarks simultaneously. This dissertation presents the first measurement of the yield of non-photonic electrons from open heavy-flavor decays in Cu + Cu collisions at 200 GeV and the suppression of that yield relative to p + p collisions. A comparison of this result to similar results for Au + Au collisions provides some indication that the geometry of a heavy-ion collision affects the average amount of energy loss by heavy quarks passing through the quark-gluon plasma.