Modeling of biological doses and mechanical effects on bone transduction

TL;DR

This study presents a theoretical model linking metabolic doses of biological factors to mechanical stimuli in bone remodeling, emphasizing osteocyte response to shear stress influenced by hormones and minerals.

Contribution

It introduces an enhanced, physiologically-based model of bone transduction that incorporates biological doses affecting osteocyte mechanosensitivity, building on prior research.

Findings

Model shows stimulus variation with biological dose changes

Biological inputs are measurable and verifiable experimentally

Model aligns with physiological principles despite limitations

Abstract

Shear stress, hormones like parathyroid and mineral elements like calcium mediate the amplitude of stimulus signal which affects the rate of bone remodeling. The current study investigates the theoretical effects of different metabolic doses in stimulus signal level on bone. The model was built considering the osteocyte as the sensing center mediated by coupled mechanical shear stress and some biological factors. The proposed enhanced model was developed based on previously published works dealing with different aspects of bone transduction. It describes the effects of physiological doses variations of Calcium, Parathyroid Hormone, Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 on the stimulus level sensed by osteocytes in response to applied shear stress generated by interstitial fluid flow. We retained the metabolic factors (Parathyroid Hormone, Nitric Oxide, and Prostaglandin E2) as parameters of bone cell mechanosensitivity because stimulation/inhibition of induced pathways stimulates osteogenic response in vivo. We then tested the model response in term of stimulus signal variation versus the biological factors doses to external mechanical stimuli. Despite the limitations of the model, it is consistent and has physiological bases. Biological inputs are histologically measurable. This makes the model amenable to experimental verification.