On the closure of the extended bicyclic semigroup

TL;DR

This paper investigates the algebraic and topological properties of the extended bicyclic semigroup, including its congruences, topological closure, and the structure of its remainders in topological inverse semigroups.

Contribution

It characterizes the algebraic structure of the semigroup, describes its topological closure, and classifies possible topologies on its extensions and units.

Findings

Every non-trivial congruence yields a cyclic group quotient.

The semigroup admits only the discrete topology as a Hausdorff semitopological semigroup.

The closure in a topological inverse semigroup involves a group of units and a discrete additive group of integers.

Abstract

In the paper we study the semigroup $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{Z}}$ which is a generalization of the bicyclic semigroup. We describe main algebraic properties of the semigroup $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{Z}}$ and prove that every non-trivial congruence $\mathfrak{C}$ on the semigroup $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{Z}}$ is a group congruence, and moreover the quotient semigroup $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{Z}}/\mathfrak{C}$ is isomorphic to a cyclic group. Also we show that the semigroup $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{Z}}$ as a Hausdorff semitopological semigroup admits only the discrete topology. Next we study the closure $\operatorname{cl}_T(\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{Z}})$ of the semigroup $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{Z}}$ in a topological semigroup $T$. We show that the non-empty remainder of $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{Z}}$ in a topological inverse semigroup $T$ consists of a group of units $H(1_T)$ of $T$ and a two-sided ideal $I$ of $T$ in the case when $H(1_T)\neq\varnothing$ and $I\neq\varnothing$. In the case when $T$ is a locally compact topological inverse semigroup and $I\neq\varnothing$ we prove that an ideal $I$ is topologically isomorphic to the discrete additive group of integers and describe the topology on the subsemigroup $\mathscr{C}_{\mathbb{Z}}\cup I$. Also we show that if the group of units $H(1_T)$ of the semigroup $T$ is non-empty, then $H(1_T)$ is either singleton or $H(1_T)$ is topologically isomorphic to the discrete additive group of integers.