Geodesic Structure of Test Particle in Bardeen Spacetime

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the geodesic structure of test particles and photons in the regular, singularity-free Bardeen black hole spacetime, revealing diverse orbit types and precession behaviors through numerical simulations.

Contribution

It provides a detailed numerical investigation of time-like and null geodesics in Bardeen spacetime, highlighting unique orbit precession patterns not previously documented.

Findings

Discovery of many-world bound orbits

Identification of two-world escape orbits

Observation of opposite precession directions and velocities

Abstract

The Bardeen model describes a regular space-time, i.e. a singularity-free black hole space-time. In this paper, by analyzing the behavior of the effective potential for the particles and photons, we investigate the time-like and null geodesic structures in the space-time of Bardeen model. At the same time, all kinds of orbits, which are allowed according to the energy level corresponding to the effective potentials, are numerically simulated in detail. We find many-world bound orbits, two-world escape orbits and escape orbits in this spacetime. We also find that bound orbits precession directions are opposite and their precession velocities are different, the inner bound orbits shift along counter-clockwise with high velocity while the exterior bound orbits shift along clockwise with low velocity.