Relation between seismicity and pre-earthquake electromagnetic emissions in terms of energy, information and entropy content

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that pre-earthquake electromagnetic emissions contain measurable information and entropy signatures that correlate with seismic fault activation and energy distribution, supporting their potential as earthquake precursors.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel analysis linking electromagnetic emissions with seismic fault activity using Fisher information and entropy measures, providing new insights into earthquake prediction.

Findings

Electromagnetic bursts correlate with fault activation during the Athens earthquake.

Fisher information and entropy ratios match seismic energy distribution.

Electromagnetic analysis supports seismogenic origin of EM bursts.

Abstract

In this paper we show, in terms of Fisher information and approximate entropy, that the two strong impulsive kHz electromagnetic (EM) bursts recorder prior to the Athens EQ (7 September 1999, magnitude 5.9) present compatibility to the radar interferometry data and the seismic data analysis, which indicate that two fault segments were activated during Athens EQ. The calculated Fisher information and approximate entropy content ratios closely follow the radar interferometry result that the main fault segment was responsible for 80% of the total energy released, while the secondary fault segment for the remaining 20%. This experimental finding, which appears for the first time in the literature, further enhances the hypothesis for the seismogenic origin of the analyzed kHz EM bursts.