Ionically-mediated electromechanical hysteresis in transition metal oxides

TL;DR

This paper investigates how ionic dynamics influence electromechanical hysteresis in paraelectric transition metal oxides like TiO2 and SrTiO3, revealing mechanisms behind ferroelectric-like behavior in these centrosymmetric materials.

Contribution

It introduces an extended Ginsburg Landau Devonshire theory to analyze ionic and surface effects, explaining ferroelectric-like phenomena in centrosymmetric oxides.

Findings

Ionic dynamics induce electromechanical hysteresis in TiO2 and SrTiO3.

Surface-charge effects contribute to electrostriction.

Ionic contributions can invert the sign of the GLD expansion coefficient.

Abstract

Electromechanical activity, remanent polarization states, and hysteresis loops in paraelectric TiO2 and SrTiO3 are observed. The coupling between the ionic dynamics and incipient ferroelectricity in these materials is analyzed using extended Ginsburg Landau Devonshire (GLD) theory. The possible origins of electromechanical coupling including ionic dynamics, surface-charge induced electrostriction, and ionically-induced ferroelectricity are identified. For the latter, the ionic contribution can change the sign of first order GLD expansion coefficient, rendering material effectively ferroelectric. These studies provide possible explanation for ferroelectric-like behavior in centrosymmetric transition metal oxides.