Second-harmonic generation induced by electric currents in GaAs

TL;DR

This paper reports a novel nonlinear optical effect where electric currents in GaAs induce second-harmonic generation, enabling ultrafast, noninvasive imaging and control of electrical currents in materials.

Contribution

It introduces a new method to optically detect and image electric currents in GaAs via second-harmonic generation, combining electrical and optical techniques.

Findings

Current-induced second-harmonic generation proportional to current density

Real-time imaging of plasma oscillations and current distribution

Demonstration of optical control of material responses

Abstract

We demonstrate a new, nonlinear optical effect of electric currents. First, a steady current is generated by applying a voltage on a doped GaAs crystal. We demonstrate that this current induces second-harmonic generation of a probe laser pulse. Second, we optically inject a transient current in an undoped GaAs crystal by using a pair of ultrafast laser pulses, and demonstrate that it induces the same second-harmonic generation. In both cases, the induced second-order nonlinear susceptibility is proportional to the current density. This effect can be used for nondestructive, noninvasive, and ultrafast imaging of currents. These advantages are illustrated by the real-time observations of a coherent plasma oscillation and spatial resolution of current distribution in a device. This new effect also provides a mechanism for electrical control of the optical response of materials.