Catastrophic cooling and cessation of heating in the solar corona

TL;DR

This study uses a one-dimensional model to analyze how different heating distributions in the solar corona affect the formation of condensations, revealing that footpoint-concentrated heating causes catastrophic cooling consistent with observations.

Contribution

It demonstrates that concentrated footpoint heating leads to thermal non-equilibrium and condensations, highlighting the importance of steady energy supply in the corona.

Findings

Footpoint heating causes catastrophic cooling and condensations.

Off/on heating model does not match observed EUV emissions.

Steady energy input is essential for corona stability.

Abstract

Condensations in the more than 10^6 K hot corona of the Sun are commonly observed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). While their contribution to the total solar EUV radiation is still a matter of debate, these condensations certainly provide a valuable tool for studying the dynamic response of the corona to the heating processes. We investigate different distributions of energy input in time and space to investigate which process is most relevant for understanding these coronal condensations. For a comparison to observations we synthesize EUV emission from a time-dependent, one-dimensional model for coronal loops, where we employ two heating scenarios: simply shutting down the heating and a model where the heating is very concentrated at the loop footpoints, while keeping the total heat input constant. The heating off/on model does not lead to significant EUV count rates that one observes with SDO/AIA. In contrast, the concentration of the heating near the footpoints leads to thermal non-equilibrium near the loop top resulting in the well-known catastrophic cooling. This process gives a good match to observations of coronal condensations. This shows that the corona needs a steady supply of energy to support the coronal plasma, even during coronal condensations. Otherwise the corona would drain very fast, too fast to even form a condensation.