The time-dependent one-zone hadronic model: first principles

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive, time-dependent one-zone hadronic model to predict radiative signatures, including photons and neutrinos, by solving coupled kinetic equations for relativistic particles in a magnetic sphere.

Contribution

It introduces a first-principles, time-dependent approach to modeling hadronic processes and secondary particle production in astrophysical sources.

Findings

Simultaneous calculation of photon and neutrino spectra.

Analysis of efficiency and temporal behavior of hadronic models.

Use of Monte Carlo codes for accurate secondary particle injection.

Abstract

We present some results on the radiative signatures of the one zone hadronic model. For this we have solved five spatially averaged, time-dependent coupled kinetic equations which describe the evolution of relativistic protons, electrons, photons, neutrons and neutrinos in a spherical volume containing a magnetic field. Protons are injected and lose energy by synchrotron, photopair and photopion production. We model photopair and photopion using the results of relevant MC codes, like the SOPHIA code in the case of photopion, which give accurate description for the injection of secondaries which then become source functions in their respective equations. This approach allows us to calculate the expected photon and neutrino spectra simultaneously in addition to examining questions like the efficiency and the temporal behaviour of the hadronic models.