Low-mass stellar and substellar companions to sdB stars

TL;DR

This study investigates the presence of low-mass stellar and substellar companions to sdB stars using spectroscopy and photometry, revealing new companions and implications for sdB formation.

Contribution

It reports the detection of new low-mass stellar and substellar companions to sdB stars and analyzes their properties, advancing understanding of sdB formation mechanisms.

Findings

16% of surveyed sdB stars show radial velocity variability.

Confirmed brown dwarf companion to SDSS J0820+0008.

Detected reflection effects indicating substellar companions in several systems.

Abstract

It has been suggested that besides stellar companions, substellar objects in close orbits may be able to trigger mass loss in a common envelope phase and form hot subdwarfs. In an ongoing project we search for close substellar companions combining time resolved high resolution spectroscopy with photometry. We determine the fraction of as yet undetected radial velocity variable systems from a sample of 27 apparently single sdB stars to be 16%. We discovered low-mass stellar companions to the He-sdB CPD-20 1123 and the pulsator KPD 0629-0016. The brown dwarf reported to orbit the eclipsing binary SDSS J0820+0008 could be confirmed by an analysis of high resolution spectra taken with UVES. Reflection effects have been detected in the light curves of the known sdB binaries CPD-64 481 and BPS CS 22169-0001. The inclinations of these systems must be much higher than expected and the most likely companion masses are in the substellar regime. Finally, we determined the orbit of the sdB binary PHL 457, which has a very small radial velocity amplitude and may host the lowest mass substellar companion known. The implications of these new results for the open question of sdB formation are discussed.