Sensitivity of spin structures of small spin-1 condensates against a magnetic field studied beyond the mean field theory

TL;DR

This study investigates how small spin-1 condensates' spin structures respond to magnetic fields beyond mean field theory, revealing sensitive domains without phase transitions but with abrupt observable changes.

Contribution

It introduces a beyond-mean-field approach using many-body eigenstates and correlation measures to analyze spin-structures' sensitivity to magnetic fields in small condensates.

Findings

Identification of strong correlation domains (SCD) in magnetic field response.

No phase transitions detected in spin-structures.

High sensitivity of condensates to magnetic fields in specific domains.

Abstract

The spin structures of small spin-1 condensates ($N\leq 1000$) under a magnetic field $B$ has been studied beyond the mean field theory (MFT). Instead of the spinors, the many body spin-eigenstates have been obtained. We have defined and calculated the spin correlative probabilities to extract information from these eigenstates. The correlation coefficients and the fidelity susceptibility have also been calculated. Thereby the details of the spin-structures responding to the variation of $B$ can be better understood. In particular, from the correlation coefficients which is the ratio of the 2-body probability to the product of two 1-body probabilities, strong correlation domains (SCD) of $B$ are found. The emphasis is placed on the sensitivity of the condensates against $B$. No phase transitions in spin-structures are found. However, abrupt changes in the derivatives of observables (correlative probabilities) are found in some particular domains of $B$. In these domains the condensates are highly sensitive to $B$. The effect of temperature is considered. The probabilities defined in the paper can work as a bridge to relate theories and experiments. Therefore, they can be used to discriminate various spin-structures and refine the interactions.