Macroscopic Quantum Self-Trapping in Dynamical Tunnelling

TL;DR

This paper explores how nonlinear interactions in a driven Bose-Einstein condensate can suppress or re-enable dynamical tunnelling between resonances, revealing phenomena analogous to spatial self-trapping but in a temporal context.

Contribution

It introduces a two-mode model explaining dynamical self-trapping in driven BECs, extending understanding of nonlinear tunnelling phenomena beyond spatial double-well systems.

Findings

Tunnelling is suppressed above a critical nonlinearity.

Re-emergence of tunnelling occurs at certain parameters for large nonlinearities.

A two-mode model accurately describes the observed effects.

Abstract

It is well-known that increasing the nonlinearity due to repulsive atomic interactions in a double-well Bose-Einstein condensate suppresses quantum tunnelling between the two sites. Here we find analogous behaviour in the dynamical tunnelling of a Bose-Einstein condensate between period-one resonances in a single driven potential well. For small nonlinearities we find unhindered tunnelling between the resonances, but with an increasing period as compared to the non-interacting system. For nonlinearities above a critical value we generally observe that the tunnelling shuts down. However, for certain regimes of modulation parameters we find that dynamical tunnelling re-emerges for large enough nonlinearities, an effect not present in spatial double-well tunnelling. We develop a two-mode model in good agreement with full numerical simulations over a wide range of parameters, which allows the suppression of tunnelling to be attributed to macroscopic quantum self-trapping.