Long Brief Pulse Method for Pulse-wave modified Electroconvulsive Therapy

TL;DR

This paper presents a case where a long brief pulse method in electroconvulsive therapy successfully induced seizures when ultrabrief pulses failed, challenging existing assumptions about pulse width efficacy.

Contribution

It introduces a novel case demonstrating the effectiveness of long brief pulses in ECT, questioning the superiority of ultrabrief pulses for seizure induction.

Findings

Long brief pulses induced seizure where ultrabrief pulses did not.

Challenges the assumption that ultrabrief pulses are always more effective.

Provides insights into pulse width mechanisms in ECT.

Abstract

Modified-Electroconvulsive Therapy (m-ECT) is administered for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. The Seizure Generalization Hypothesis holds that propagation of the induced seizure throughout the whole brain is essential for the effective ECT intervention. However, we encounter many clinical cases where, due to high thresholds, seizure is not induced by the maximum dose of electrical charge. Some studies have indicated that the ultrabrief pulse method, in which pulse width is less than 0.5millisecond (ms), is more effective at inducing seizure than conventional brief pulse (0.5ms-2.0ms). Contrary to the studies, we experienced a case of schizophrenia in which m-ECT with 1.0 and 1.5 ms width pulse (referred to as 'long' brief pulse as 0.5ms width pulse is the default in Japan) succeeded in inducing seizure, whereas ultrabrief pulse failed to induce seizure. This case is described in detail. Moreover, we discuss the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon.