Field-induced long-lived supermolecules

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the creation of long-lived supermolecules in dilute polar molecular gases by tuning external microwave fields, enabling exploration of novel few-body and many-body quantum phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a method to stabilize supermolecules in dilute gases using microwave tuning, allowing study of new quantum states and transitions.

Findings

Stable supermolecules can be formed with tunable binding energies.

Non-adiabatic transition rates can be minimized for ground state supermolecules.

Potential for observing novel quantum phases like p-wave BCS-BEC crossover.

Abstract

We demonstrate that the long-lived bound states (super-molecules) can exist in the dilute limit when we tune the shape of effective potential between polar molecules by an external microwave field. Binding energies, average sizes, and phase diagrams for both s-orbital (bosons) and p-orbital (fermions) dimers are studied, together with bosonic trimer states. We explicitly show that the non- adiabatic transition rate can be easily tuned small for such ground state super-molecules, so that the system can be stable from collapse even near the associated potential resonance. Our results, therefore, suggest a feasible cold molecule system to investigate both novel few-body and many-body physics (for example, the p-wave BCS-BEC crossover for fermions and the paired condensate for bosons) that can not be easily accessed in single species atomic gases.