Optimal control based dynamics exploration of a rigid car with longitudinal load transfer

TL;DR

This paper develops optimal control strategies to explore the dynamic capabilities of a single-track car model with load transfer, analyzing equilibrium states and generating aggressive maneuvers for vehicle testing.

Contribution

It introduces a novel explicit formulation of load transfer in a rigid car model without suspension, combined with optimal control and continuation methods for dynamic analysis.

Findings

Successfully computes cornering equilibria across tire operation range

Generates aggressive vehicle maneuvers inspired by real testing

Provides insights into vehicle behavior based on parameters

Abstract

In this paper we provide optimal control based strategies to explore the dynamic capabilities of a single-track car model which includes tire models and longitudinal load transfer. Using an explicit formulation of the holonomic constraints imposed on the unconstrained rigid car, we design a car model which includes load transfer without adding suspension models. With this model in hand, we perform an analysis of the equilibrium manifold of the vehicle. That is, we design a continuation and predictor-corrector numerical strategy to compute cornering equilibria on the entire range of operation of the tires. Finally, as main contribution of the paper, we explore the system dynamics by use of nonlinear optimal control techniques. Specifically, we propose a combined optimal control and continuation strategy to compute aggressive car trajectories and study how the vehicle behaves depending on its parameters. To show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, we compute aggressive maneuvers of the vehicle inspired to testing maneuvers from virtual and real prototyping.